/* =============================================================
 * ADU Journals — CSS Clone
 * Source: https://journal.adu.ac.ae/
 * Platform: Open Journal Systems (OJS) 3 — Bootstrap3 Theme
 *
 * This stylesheet reproduces the visual design of the Abu Dhabi
 * University Journals portal, including:
 *   - OJS Bootstrap3 base theme variables & layout
 *   - ADU custom brand colors and typography
 *   - Homepage hero, journal cards, navbar, footer styles
 *   - Responsive breakpoints
 * ============================================================= */

/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   1. CSS VARIABLES / DESIGN TOKENS
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
:root {
  /* Brand Colors */
  --adu-primary:        #003366;   /* ADU deep navy blue */
  --adu-primary-dark:   #002244;
  --adu-primary-light:  #1a5276;
  --adu-accent:         #c8a951;   /* ADU gold accent */
  --adu-accent-hover:   #b8993f;

  /* Neutrals */
  --adu-white:          #ffffff;
  --adu-off-white:      #f7f9fc;
  --adu-light-gray:     #f0f2f5;
  --adu-mid-gray:       #d0d5de;
  --adu-dark-gray:      #5a6072;
  --adu-text:           #2c3341;
  --adu-text-muted:     #6b7280;

  /* Typography */
  --font-heading:       'Georgia', 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --font-body:          'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-nav:           'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;

  /* Spacing */
  --section-padding:    60px 0;
  --card-radius:        8px;
  --nav-height:         70px;

  /* Shadows */
  --shadow-sm:          0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  --shadow-md:          0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  --shadow-lg:          0 8px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);

  /* Transitions */
  --transition:         0.25s ease;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   2. GLOBAL RESET & BASE
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  font-size: 16px;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--adu-text);
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
}

a {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
  color: var(--adu-primary-light);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  margin-top: 0;
}

p {
  margin: 0 0 1em;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   3. LAYOUT CONTAINERS
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1170px;
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
  padding-right: 15px;
  padding-left: 15px;
}

.container-fluid {
  width: 100%;
  padding-right: 15px;
  padding-left: 15px;
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

/* Bootstrap grid helpers */
.row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-right: -15px;
  margin-left: -15px;
}

[class*="col-"] {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding-right: 15px;
  padding-left: 15px;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   4. SKIP LINK (ACCESSIBILITY)
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.pkp_screen_reader,
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  border: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.sr-only:focus,
.pkp_screen_reader:focus {
  position: static;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  overflow: visible;
  clip: auto;
  white-space: normal;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   5. NAVIGATION / NAVBAR
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.navbar,
.header_view {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 100;
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  min-height: var(--nav-height);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}

.navbar-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: var(--nav-height);
  padding: 0 15px;
}

/* Site name / logo */
.navbar-header .site-name,
.navbar-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  height: var(--nav-height);
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--adu-white) !important;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.navbar-brand-logo img {
  max-height: 50px;
  width: auto;
}

/* Nav links */
.navbar-nav,
.nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.navbar-nav > li > a,
.nav > li > a,
.header_view .nav > li > a,
.navbar-default .nav > li > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0 16px;
  height: var(--nav-height);
  line-height: var(--nav-height);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85) !important;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: background-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.navbar-nav > li > a:hover,
.navbar-nav > li > a:focus,
.nav > li > a:hover,
.nav > li > a:focus {
  color: var(--adu-white) !important;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.navbar-nav > li.active > a,
.nav > li.active > a {
  color: var(--adu-white) !important;
  background-color: var(--adu-primary-light);
}

/* Hamburger toggle */
.navbar-toggle {
  display: none;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 8px 10px;
  cursor: pointer;
  margin: 15px;
}

.navbar-toggle .icon-bar {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.navbar-toggle .icon-bar + .icon-bar {
  margin-top: 5px;
}

/* Language switcher / dropdown */
.dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 200;
  min-width: 140px;
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  padding: 6px 0;
  display: none;
}

.open > .dropdown-menu {
  display: block;
}

.dropdown-menu > li > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--adu-text) !important;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.dropdown-menu > li > a:hover {
  background-color: var(--adu-light-gray);
  color: var(--adu-primary) !important;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.dropdown > a::after {
  content: ' ▾';
  font-size: 10px;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   6. HERO / BANNER SECTION
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.pkp_page_index .page_header,
.site-header,
.hero-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--adu-primary) 0%, var(--adu-primary-light) 60%, #1a6b9a 100%);
  color: var(--adu-white);
  padding: 70px 0 60px;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 20% 80%, rgba(200, 169, 81, 0.15) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 80% 20%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0%, transparent 50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-section h1,
.pkp_page_index .page_header h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 38px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--adu-white);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.hero-section .page-header-subtitle,
.hero-section p {
  font-size: 17px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Site logo in header */
.navbar-brand-logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.site-logo-header {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 0;
}

.site-logo-header img {
  max-height: 80px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   7. PAGE LAYOUT & CONTENT
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
main#pkp_content_main,
.pkp_page_index .pkp_content_wrapper {
  padding: 50px 0;
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
}

.page-header {
  padding-bottom: 16px;
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--adu-primary);
}

.page-header h1,
.page-header h2 {
  font-size: 28px;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  margin: 0;
}

/* Section headings */
.section-heading {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.section-heading::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 50px;
  height: 3px;
  background-color: var(--adu-accent);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

/* "Our Journals" heading */
h2.journals-heading {
  font-size: 26px;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--adu-accent);
  display: inline-block;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   8. JOURNAL CARDS / LISTING
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.pkp_page_index .journals_list,
.journals-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

/* Individual journal card (media/list style like OJS bootstrap3) */
.pkp_page_index .journals_list > li,
.journal-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 24px;
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  border-radius: var(--card-radius);
  padding: 24px;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}

.journal-card:hover,
.pkp_page_index .journals_list > li:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: var(--adu-primary);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Journal thumbnail image */
.journal-card__thumb,
.journal-thumbnail,
.issue-toc img {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 120px;
  height: 150px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

/* Journal text content */
.journal-card__body {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.journal-card__title,
.media-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.journal-card__title a,
.media-heading a {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.journal-card__title a:hover,
.media-heading a:hover {
  color: var(--adu-primary-light);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.journal-card__description,
.media .lead,
.media p {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--adu-text);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

/* ISSN badge */
.journal-card__meta,
.journal-meta {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.journal-card__meta strong {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
}

/* Journal card action links */
.journal-card__actions,
.journal-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.journal-card__actions a,
.journal-actions a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 7px 16px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color var(--transition), color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}

/* Primary action button */
.btn-journal-primary,
.journal-card__actions a:first-child {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: var(--adu-white) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-primary);
}

.btn-journal-primary:hover,
.journal-card__actions a:first-child:hover {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary-dark);
  border-color: var(--adu-primary-dark);
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Secondary action button */
.btn-journal-secondary,
.journal-card__actions a:last-child {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--adu-primary) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-primary);
}

.btn-journal-secondary:hover,
.journal-card__actions a:last-child:hover {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: var(--adu-white) !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   9. BOOTSTRAP BUTTONS (OJS core)
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
  vertical-align: middle;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: background-color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.btn:focus,
.btn:active:focus {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(0, 51, 102, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.btn-default {
  color: var(--adu-text);
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  border-color: var(--adu-mid-gray);
}

.btn-default:hover {
  background-color: var(--adu-light-gray);
  border-color: #bbb;
}

.btn-primary {
  color: var(--adu-white);
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  border-color: var(--adu-primary);
}

.btn-primary:hover,
.btn-primary:focus {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary-dark);
  border-color: var(--adu-primary-dark);
}

.btn-sm {
  padding: 5px 10px;
  font-size: 12px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}

.btn-lg {
  padding: 12px 24px;
  font-size: 16px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   10. FORMS
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.form-control {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--adu-text);
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
  appearance: none;
}

.form-control:focus {
  border-color: var(--adu-primary);
  outline: none;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 51, 102, 0.15);
}

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--adu-text);
}

.form-control-required {
  color: #c0392b;
}

.help-block {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 4px;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
}

.has-error .form-control {
  border-color: #c0392b;
}

.has-error .help-block {
  color: #c0392b;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   11. TABLES
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.table,
.cmp_table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.table th,
.table td,
.cmp_table th,
.cmp_table td {
  padding: 10px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.table th,
.cmp_table th {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: var(--adu-white);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.table-striped tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {
  background-color: var(--adu-off-white);
}

.table-hover tbody tr:hover {
  background-color: #eaf0f8;
}

.table-responsive {
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   12. ALERTS
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.alert {
  padding: 12px 16px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.alert-success {
  color: #155724;
  background-color: #d4edda;
  border-color: #c3e6cb;
}

.alert-info {
  color: #0c5460;
  background-color: #d1ecf1;
  border-color: #bee5eb;
}

.alert-warning {
  color: #856404;
  background-color: #fff3cd;
  border-color: #ffeeba;
}

.alert-danger {
  color: #721c24;
  background-color: #f8d7da;
  border-color: #f5c6cb;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   13. PANELS / CARDS (OJS sidebars / blocks)
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.panel {
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  border-radius: var(--card-radius);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.panel-heading {
  padding: 12px 16px;
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: var(--adu-white);
  border-radius: calc(var(--card-radius) - 1px) calc(var(--card-radius) - 1px) 0 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.panel-body {
  padding: 16px;
}

/* PKP Blocks */
.pkp_block {
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.pkp_block .title {
  display: block;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--adu-accent);
}

.pkp_block ul {
  padding-left: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.pkp_block ul li {
  padding: 5px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--adu-light-gray);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.pkp_block ul li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.pkp_block ul li a {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   14. MEDIA OBJECT (OJS journal listing base)
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.media {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.media-left {
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.media-left img {
  max-width: 128px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.media-body {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.media-heading {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.media-heading small {
  font-size: 85%;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.media .lead {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--adu-text);
  line-height: 1.6;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   15. ARTICLE DETAIL PAGE
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.article-details .article-abstract {
  margin-bottom: 2em;
  padding: 20px;
  background-color: var(--adu-off-white);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--adu-primary);
  border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.article-details .authors {
  margin-bottom: 2em;
}

.article-details .author {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--adu-text);
}

.article-details .author + .author {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
}

.article-details .orcid_icon {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 0.25em;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.article-details .download .btn {
  margin: 0.5em 0;
  display: block;
}

.article-details #citationOutput {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  background-color: var(--adu-off-white);
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
}

.article-details .csl-left-margin {
  display: none;
}

.article-sidebar .doi {
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.references a {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  word-break: break-word;
}

/* Article count */
.article_count {
  margin-bottom: 1em;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   16. ISSUE TOC
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.issue-toc img {
  max-height: 25em;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.article-summary .media-heading small {
  font-size: 85%;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   17. SIDEBAR / TWO-COLUMN LAYOUT
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.page_content_wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 280px;
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: start;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .page_content_wrapper {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.sidebar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 20px;
}

/* Pull right helper for medium+ screens */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pull-md-right {
    float: right;
  }
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   18. PAGINATION
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.pagination {
  display: flex;
  gap: 4px;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 20px 0;
}

.pagination > li > a,
.pagination > li > span {
  display: block;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  font-size: 13px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.pagination > li > a:hover {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  border-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: var(--adu-white);
}

.pagination > .active > a,
.pagination > .active > span {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  border-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: var(--adu-white);
  cursor: default;
}

.pagination > .disabled > a,
.pagination > .disabled > span {
  color: var(--adu-mid-gray);
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  cursor: not-allowed;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   19. FOOTER
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
footer[role="contentinfo"],
.pkp_structure_footer {
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  padding: 50px 0 30px;
  margin-top: 60px;
}

.footer-inner {
  max-width: 1170px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 15px;
}

.footer-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.footer-brand img {
  max-height: 50px;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1) opacity(0.9);
}

.footer-brand-name {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--adu-white);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.footer-tagline {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  max-width: 500px;
}

.footer-divider {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  margin: 20px 0;
}

.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

.footer-bottom a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-bottom a:hover {
  color: var(--adu-white);
}

/* Publisher info block */
.footer-publisher {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.footer-publisher strong {
  color: var(--adu-white);
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   20. GALLEY / PDF VIEWER
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.galley_view {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  overflow-y: hidden;
}

.galley_view iframe {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  padding-top: 50px;
  border: none;
}

.galley_view.galley_view_with_notice iframe {
  padding-top: 100px;
}

.galley_view .galley_view_notice {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 50px;
  background: #c0392b;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.galley_view .galley_view_notice_message {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--adu-white);
  text-align: center;
}

.galley_view .galley_view_notice_message a {
  color: var(--adu-white);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Header view (galley top bar) */
.header_view {
  z-index: 2;
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 50px;
}

.header_view a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0 15px;
  height: 50px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85) !important;
  font-size: 13px;
  transition: background-color var(--transition);
}

.header_view a:hover,
.header_view a:focus {
  color: var(--adu-white) !important;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.header_view a:active {
  color: var(--adu-white) !important;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   21. BREADCRUMBS
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.breadcrumb {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 4px;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 10px 0;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
}

.breadcrumb > li + li::before {
  content: '›';
  padding: 0 4px;
  color: var(--adu-mid-gray);
}

.breadcrumb a {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   22. LABELS / BADGES
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.label {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 3px;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.label-default  { background-color: #6b7280; color: #fff; }
.label-primary  { background-color: var(--adu-primary); color: #fff; }
.label-success  { background-color: #27ae60; color: #fff; }
.label-info     { background-color: #2980b9; color: #fff; }
.label-warning  { background-color: #f39c12; color: #fff; }
.label-danger   { background-color: #c0392b; color: #fff; }

.badge {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 22px;
  padding: 3px 7px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: center;
  background-color: var(--adu-primary);
  color: var(--adu-white);
  border-radius: 10px;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   23. TABS (OJS navigation tabs)
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.nav-tabs {
  display: flex;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  gap: 0;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}

.nav-tabs > li > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: none;
  border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0;
  margin-bottom: -2px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition), background-color var(--transition);
}

.nav-tabs > li > a:hover {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  background-color: var(--adu-light-gray);
}

.nav-tabs > li.active > a {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  background-color: var(--adu-white);
  border-color: var(--adu-mid-gray) var(--adu-mid-gray) var(--adu-white);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.tab-content > .tab-pane {
  display: none;
}

.tab-content > .active {
  display: block;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   24. SEARCH BOX
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.pkp_block_search,
.search-block {
  background-color: var(--adu-off-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  border-radius: var(--card-radius);
  padding: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.search-block .title {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--adu-primary);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.input-group {
  display: flex;
}

.input-group .form-control {
  border-radius: 4px 0 0 4px;
  flex: 1;
}

.input-group-btn {
  display: flex;
}

.input-group-btn .btn {
  border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
  border-left: none;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   25. TYPOGRAPHY HELPERS
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.text-left     { text-align: left !important; }
.text-center   { text-align: center !important; }
.text-right    { text-align: right !important; }
.text-muted    { color: var(--adu-text-muted) !important; }
.text-primary  { color: var(--adu-primary) !important; }
.text-success  { color: #27ae60 !important; }
.text-danger   { color: #c0392b !important; }
.text-warning  { color: #e67e22 !important; }

.lead {
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-weight: 300;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

blockquote {
  padding: 12px 20px;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  font-size: 16px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--adu-accent);
  color: var(--adu-text);
  background-color: var(--adu-off-white);
  border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
}

code {
  padding: 2px 6px;
  font-size: 90%;
  color: #c0392b;
  background-color: #fdf2f2;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
}

pre {
  display: block;
  padding: 12px;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  background-color: var(--adu-light-gray);
  border: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: auto;
  word-break: break-all;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   26. UTILITY CLASSES
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.clearfix::after {
  content: '';
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

.hidden { display: none !important; }
.invisible { visibility: hidden; }

.mt-0  { margin-top: 0 !important; }
.mb-0  { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
.mt-1  { margin-top: 8px !important; }
.mb-1  { margin-bottom: 8px !important; }
.mt-2  { margin-top: 16px !important; }
.mb-2  { margin-bottom: 16px !important; }
.mt-3  { margin-top: 24px !important; }
.mb-3  { margin-bottom: 24px !important; }
.mt-4  { margin-top: 32px !important; }
.mb-4  { margin-bottom: 32px !important; }

.p-2   { padding: 16px !important; }
.p-3   { padding: 24px !important; }

.w-100 { width: 100% !important; }

.d-flex         { display: flex !important; }
.d-block        { display: block !important; }
.d-inline-block { display: inline-block !important; }
.d-none         { display: none !important; }

.align-items-center { align-items: center !important; }
.justify-content-between { justify-content: space-between !important; }
.flex-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap !important; }
.gap-2  { gap: 16px !important; }


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   27. PRINT STYLES
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media print {
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    color: #000 !important;
    text-shadow: none !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
  }

  a,
  a:visited {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }

  a[href]::after {
    content: " (" attr(href) ")";
  }

  abbr[title]::after {
    content: " (" attr(title) ")";
  }

  a[href^="#"]::after,
  a[href^="javascript:"]::after {
    content: "";
  }

  pre,
  blockquote {
    border: 1px solid #999;
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  thead {
    display: table-header-group;
  }

  tr,
  img {
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  img {
    max-width: 100% !important;
  }

  p,
  h2,
  h3 {
    orphans: 3;
    widows: 3;
  }

  h2,
  h3 {
    page-break-after: avoid;
  }

  .navbar,
  .header_view,
  .sidebar,
  footer {
    display: none;
  }

  .table,
  .cmp_table {
    border-collapse: collapse !important;
  }

  .table td,
  .table th,
  .cmp_table td,
  .cmp_table th {
    background-color: #fff !important;
  }
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   28. RESPONSIVE — TABLET (max 991px)
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .navbar-toggle {
    display: block;
  }

  .navbar-collapse {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: var(--adu-primary-dark);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  }

  .navbar-collapse.in {
    display: block;
  }

  .navbar-nav {
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .navbar-nav > li {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .navbar-nav > li > a {
    height: auto;
    line-height: 1.5;
    padding: 14px 20px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  }

  .hero-section h1 {
    font-size: 26px;
  }

  .hero-section p {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .journal-card {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .journal-card__thumb {
    width: 100%;
    height: 200px;
  }
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   29. RESPONSIVE — MOBILE (max 767px)
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .container {
    padding-right: 16px;
    padding-left: 16px;
  }

  main#pkp_content_main,
  .pkp_page_index .pkp_content_wrapper {
    padding: 30px 0;
  }

  .hero-section {
    padding: 40px 0 35px;
  }

  .hero-section h1 {
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .hero-section p {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .journal-card {
    padding: 16px;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .journal-card__thumb {
    width: 100%;
    height: 180px;
    object-fit: cover;
  }

  .journal-card__actions {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .journal-card__actions a {
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
  }

  footer[role="contentinfo"] {
    padding: 36px 0 20px;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .media {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .media-left img {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .nav-tabs {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .nav-tabs > li > a {
    padding: 8px 12px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .pagination {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .page_content_wrapper {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}


/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   30. ADU BRAND — HOMEPAGE SPECIFIC
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */

/* Gold accent bar below navbar */
.brand-bar {
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--adu-accent) 0%, #e8c96a 50%, var(--adu-accent) 100%);
}

/* "Published by" footer note */
.published-by-note {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 30px 15px;
  background-color: var(--adu-off-white);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--adu-mid-gray);
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--adu-text-muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.published-by-note strong {
  color: var(--adu-primary);
}

/* Copyright bar */
.copyright-bar {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 16px;
  background-color: var(--adu-primary-dark);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

.copyright-bar a {
  color: var(--adu-accent);
}

/* Open access badge */
.open-access-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background-color: #fff3cd;
  color: #856404;
  border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

}

.obj_article_details .item.keywords {
    text-transform: capitalize;
}

.item.abstract{
	text-align: justify;
	padding-top: 0px;
}
.obj_article_details .abstract {
	text-align: justify;
	font:tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;	

}
/* Hover image overlay effect on journal thumb */
.journal-thumb-wrap {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 4px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 120px;
}

.journal-thumb-wrap img {
  transition: transform 0.4s ease;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
}

.journal-thumb-wrap:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* --- Specific Element Hiding --- */
/* Hides the PKP (Public Knowledge Project) footer, if present. */
.pkp_brand_footer {
  display: none !important; /* Ensures element is not displayed */
  visibility: hidden !important; /* Hides element from screen readers */
  height: 0 !important; /* Removes any vertical space */
  overflow: hidden !important; /* Hides any overflowing content */
}

/* --- Responsive Adjustments --- */
/* Media query for screens up to 600px wide (e.g., mobile devices). */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  body {
    font-size: 13px; /* Slightly smaller base font size for mobile */
  }
  h1 { font-size: 1.4em; }
  h2 { font-size: 1.2em; }
  h3 { font-size: 1em; }
}